Ageing Parent
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Chapter 2: Whoever's Nearest, Whoever's Free

3 sources. Checked September 2026.

Every claim in this chapter is traced to the source behind it. Below is each one, numbered as it appears in the book, with a link that opens the original.

  1. Chanfreau, J. and Goisis, A., "Patterns of help and care by adult only children and children with siblings," Ageing and Society (Cambridge University Press, published online 6 April 2022; listed in press for full volume/issue as of August 2026), using data from the 1946, 1958 and 1970 British birth cohort studies (over 30,000 people). Daughters were the family members most likely to become the main carer for a parent; sons with a sister were the least likely of all children to take on the role, lower even than sons with a brother.
    www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ageing-and-society/article/patterns-of-help-and-care-by-adult-only-children-and-children-with-siblings/BE3BA0BBCA394358492FB78680480FEA
  2. Grigoryeva, A., "Own Gender, Sibling's Gender, Parent's Gender: The Division of Elderly Parent Care among Adult Children," American Sociological Review, 82(1), 116–146 (2017), using US Health and Retirement Study data; cited in Yang et al., "Mapping Divisions of Elder Care Work in Family Contexts," Social Sciences, 15(3), 187 (2026). US study, used here only for the daughters-in-law/sons-in-law finding, which the UK study above does not cover.
    journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0003122416686521
  3. Carers UK, State of Caring: The impact of caring on carers' mental health and the need for support from social care services (February 2025), based on a survey of over 12,500 unpaid carers across the UK conducted June–August 2024\.
    www.carersuk.org/reports/state-of-caring-the-impact-of-caring-on-carers-mental-health-and-the-need-for-support-from-social-care-services

Sources for the other chapters are listed at ageingparent.co.uk/sources. Free guides on the topics in this book are at ageingparent.co.uk.